The effects of Orally Administered Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) on the Metabolic Syndrome of Adult Albino Rats

Abstract

Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) or glutamate is a commonly used flavour enhancer, naturally found in protein-rich foods; although produced commercially through the fermentation of molasses. MSG is essential in the metabolism of living bodies. The increase in MSG consumption has become a growing concern due to the lack of adequate data on its effects. This study investigates the effects of MSG on weight and blood glucose levels of adult albino rats for an experimental period of eight (8) weeks. Twenty-four (24) albino rats weighing between 48.7 g to 94.6 g were randomly divided into four (4) groups of six (6) rats each: 1 control group and 3 test groups. Test groups were fed and daily doses of MSG dissolved in water (8 g/L, 10 g/L and 15 g/L respectively) were administered orally. The control group were fed on plain water and rat chow (grower’s mash) only. Weekly weights, fasting blood glucose levels of rats were measured, and change in behaviour and exploratory tendencies observed, all through the experimental period. Glycosylated haemoglobin was tested at the end of the experimental period to confirm the weekly blood glucose levels. There was no significant difference in the average weights (P ˃ 0.05). Blood glucose levels maintained a normal range of 4.5 – 5.1 % (good glycemic control) over the experimental period. The study illustrates that Monosodium Glutamate has no adverse effects on weight and blood glucose levels when consumed daily, but not exceeding a 15 g dose. Further research to validate casual inference may be necessary. The consumption of MSG should be in moderation and individuals prone to hypoallergenic reactions should ensure to check product labels for MSG before the consumption of foods. Further research can be carried out using higher doses as well as other metabolic markers in the body to further consolidate empirical data.