Comparative Study of Proximate and Phytochemical Analysis of the Roots of Justicia carnea Lindi. and Justicia secunda Vahl

Abstract

Proximate and phytochemical analyses of the root extracts of Justicia carnea and Justicia secunda in the Acanthaceae family were investigated using standard procedures and compared. The result of the proximate analysis indicated that the roots of both species contained nutrients in varying levels. Protein (11.38%), lipid (4.81%) and moisture content (17.01%) were higher in the roots of J. carnea than in J. secunda (8.32%, 2.01%, 11.22%) respectively, while Carbohydrate (6.62%), Ash (16.75%) and Fibre (55.18%) were higher in J. secunda than in J. carnea (4.73%, 9.81%, and 52.29%) respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannin, flavonoid, alkaloids, saponin, phytate and cyanogenic glycosides whereas the result for the quantitative analysis showed that the quantity of phytochemicals in Justicia carnea and Justicia secunda were: tannin (46.75% and 41.01%), flavonoid (2.72% and 3.21%), alkaloid (10.16% and 11.21%), saponin (3.31% and 2.7%), phytate (30.54% and 33.86%) and cyanogenic glycoside (100.01% and 500%) respectively. Justicia carnea contained higher quantity of tannin and saponin while Justicia secunda contained higher amount of flavonoid, alkaloid, phytate and cyanogenic glycoside. These results conceivably indicated that the two species are good sources of essential nutrients which could be used in diets to supplement the daily nutrient needs in humans and animals, and phyto-nutrients which possess strong pharmacological activities, providing scientific credence for its therapeutic usage in folklore medicine.